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Cornell University

International Services

Office of Global Learning

F-1 OPT

  • For Students

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a benefit and extension of F-1 student status for those who have completed at least two academic semesters in the United States in F-1 status and who have earned a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree from Cornell. It lets you apply what you learned in your degree program to off-campus work in your field of study. F-1 students must be in the U.S. to file Form I-765 for OPT.

Unlike Curricular Practical Training, which you can only use if you are still pursuing your degree, OPT is available to you both before and after graduation. Most students, however, use their OPT after graduation. To support services for the growing population of international students on F-1 OPT and OPT STEM extension, a service fee is charged: $150 to apply for OPT, and $250 to apply for OPT STEM.

Please review important information provided by USCIS on how to avoid OPT/STEM OPT  processing delays at DHS, CIS Ombudsman Tip Sheet (revised Sept. 2023).

Can I apply for OPT more than once? 

OPT is only available for each higher level of study. For example, you may have 12 months for a bachelor's degree and another 12 months for a master's degree. You are eligible for only one OPT per level of study (e.g. master's), even if you have two degrees.

Can I do OPT while I’m still a student? 

You can use some or all of your 12 months of OPT during your course of study—or you can save the full 12 months for after you graduate. Here are the ways you can use OPT while you are still a student:  

  • Part-time while school is in session. Part-time OPT will be deducted at one-half the full-time rate from your total allowable OPT.
  • Full-time during summer and winter breaks. 
  • Full-time after you have completed all course requirements for your degree, but have a thesis requirement remaining.  

Can I expedite my application at USCIS?

USCIS will accept Form I-907 premium processing requests from F-1 students when their I-907 is filed concurrently or for a pending I-765 employment authorization application. You can file online or by mail. The premium processing timeframe is 30 business days after USCIS receives all prerequisites for the adjudication. 

Consult the How Do I Request Premium Processing page to learn more about premium processing for F-1 students seeking OPT. Please locate the correct filing fee at the USCIS fee website. 

How much post-graduate OPT can I receive? 

You can receive at least 12 months of full-time OPT when you complete a degree program, unless you used some or all of your OPT while still a student. The amount of OPT you used as a student is deducted from the allowable 12 months of post-graduation OPT.

When can I apply for post-graduate OPT? 

Apply for OPT no more than 90 days before finishing your degree. If you are an advanced Ph.D. student, apply no more than three months before the end of your registered student status.  

If you intend to leave the United States even for a short time after graduation, remember to apply for OPT before exiting the country. If you depart without applying for OPT, you will no longer be eligible to receive it.

How do I apply for OPT STEM extension? 

You must be on post-graduate OPT to apply for OPT STEM extension. If you are a recent graduate with a degree in an approved science, technology, engineering, or math (STEM) field, you can apply for a STEM extension of your F-1 OPT. The extension will allow you to work in the United States for an additional 24 months. Learn more about the F-1 OPT STEM extension.

OPT Employment Types

Your OPT employment needs to be in your degree field. While you are on OPT, your time unemployed may not exceed 90 days total. Below are the types of employment you can have during the 12-month post-graduation OPT period.

Type

Details

Paid Employment You must work at least 20 hours per week when on post-graduation OPT. 
Multiple Employers You may work for more than one employer at the same time or one at a time. All employment must be related to your degree program. 
Short-term Multiple Employers If you are a musician or other performing artist, you may work for multiple short-term employers. Maintain a list of all gigs. Include the dates of the work and the length of time. 
Employment by an AgencyYou may work for an employment, staffing, or consulting agency that sends you to short-term jobs. Remember to track your job hours to show you worked an average of at least 20 hours a week. 
Self-Employment You may start a business and be self-employed. Be prepared  to prove that you have the proper business license and that the business is related to your degree program.  
Work for Hire This is commonly called 1099 employment, independent contracting, or freelance work. Be prepared to provide evidence showing the length of each contract and the name and address of the contracting company. 
Unpaid Employment You may work as a volunteer or unpaid intern, but the work must be at least 20 hours per week, and it cannot violate any labor laws.  

Got a job? Great! 

How to Apply for OPT

  1. Pick Date
  2. Pay Fee
  3. Request I-20
  4. Complete I-765
  5. Download I-94
  6. Get Photos
  7. Submit Application
  8. Get EAD Doc

1 Choose a start date.

You will need to choose a start date for your OPT card. This is important: you may not change this date after you apply for OPT. 

You are allowed to pick a start date anytime within 60 days of the end of your program (your graduation date or the end of exams). If you are a Ph.D. student, there is more leeway in determining your program end date. Please talk with one of our advisors. 

Important factors to weigh when choosing your start date...

  • Choose the earliest day that you might want to start working. You can’t begin working before the start date on the OPT card or until you receive your card. Plan for any possibility. For example, what if you get a job offer with the stipulation that you start the day after graduation?  
  • If you want the latest possible day to start your work authorization, the last day you may choose is 60 days after your graduation or your last day as a registered student.

Use our timeline tool to choose your program end date and OPT start date.

Choose your end date according to your academic status: 

UndergraduateMaster'sDoctoral
Graduation DateGraduation DateGraduation Date
 Thesis Submission Date*Defense Date*
Last Date as Registered Student*Dissertation Submission Date*
 Last Date as a Registered Student

*Note for graduate students: If you are ineligible (as per Graduate School guidelines) to register for the summer semester, your I-20 program end date will be the end of the spring semester. If this is the case, you will not be a student over the summer and will not be eligible for on-campus employment and other student benefits.

Timeline Tool

2 Pay the OPT service fee.

Pay the nonrefundable $150 OPT service fee (NetID login required to access). You will be asked to upload a screenshot or PDF of your purchase confirmation in the form request in Step 3.

3 Request an OPT I-20.

Request an I-20 updated with a recommendation for OPT from International Services. Pay the service fee and complete the OPT I-20 request form through the myStatus portal. Cornell Tech students: Please navigate to the Cornell Tech header within your myStatus Portal to locate your OPT I-20 request form.

You must wait to receive your OPT I-20 before filing your OPT application with USCIS.

Why do I need an updated I-20 form? 

Your new I-20 will include an International Services advisor recommendation for your OPT. You will sign this new 1-20, and submit it with your application to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).  

When should I request my updated I-20?  

Request your updated 1-20 form no earlier than three months before the end of your program or your registered student status, if you are an advanced Ph.D. student, and no later than the last day of your grace period.

How long will it take to get my new I-20?  

We process these requests and create the form in five business days. 

How do I get an 1-20 with a STEM recommendation? 

To get your new 1-20 with a STEM extension, go to the F-1 OPT STEM extension page, and follow the directions. 

4 Complete an I-765 form. 

You must be in the U.S. to file form I-765. Effective April 1, 2024, USCIS is implementing a new I-765 filing fee.

There two options to apply for OPT. Choose only one of these options.

Recommended: Online Filing

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) now offers online submission of your OPT application! Follow the directions on the USCIS online application portal. You will need to create an account with USCIS after choosing "File Online" from the USCIS I-765 page.

Hard Copy Mailing 

If you choose paper filing, download the I-765 form from the USCIS website. Follow these instructions for filling out the I-765 form. Important: Choose a mailing address for question 5.a where you know can safely receive mail. Do not choose International Services or a Cornell department. 

Keep a copy of your completed I-765 for your records. If you want to receive electronic notifications about your application, also fill out the G-1145 form.

5 Download your I-94.  

You will need your I-94 arrival record that was created when you entered the United States most recently. You will need your passport in front of you to retrieve your record. Go to the "get most recent I-94" tab, and download the page it generates after entering your passport information.

6 Get new photos. 

You will need two brand-new passport-type photographs. These must have been taken within the last 30 days. Photos that you have previously used for a visa or passport are not permitted.

If applying by mail (hard copy mailing), do not cut the photos. USCIS will trim the photos to their preferred dimensions. Clearly write your name and your U.S. admission record number (from your I-94 arrival record) lightly in pencil on the back of each photo. Put the photos in an envelope and attach it to the front of your I-765.

7 Submit your OPT application to USCIS.

When applying online, follow the USCIS online portal instructions to complete your submission. Do not submit anything by mail!

If I choose to mail my application, what documents do I need to include?

  • Form I-765 Choose a mailing address for question 5.a that you know can safely receive mail. Do not choose International Services or a Cornell department.
  • Two new passport-type photographs. Put the photos in an envelope, and attach the envelope to the front of your I-765.
  • Form G-1145, if you want to receive electronic notifications.
  • Copy of pages 1 and 2 of your new I-20, with your signature on page 1 and the OPT recommendation on page 2.
  • Copies of all previous I-20s showing CPT and/or OPT.
  • A printout of your I-94 U. S. Admission Record (not your travel history) from the United States Customs and Border Protection website, or a copy of your I-94 card.
  • Copy of the photo identification page of your passport with your passport’s expiration date.
  • Copy of the F-1 visa page of your passport, even if expired. (If you are a Canadian, you won't have this.) 
  • Photocopy of your previous OPT card or EAD, if you have one.
  • A U.S. check or money order for the paper filing fee as indicated on the USCIS I-765 page. Make your check payable to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Cash is not accepted. Attach the fee to the front of your application materials. Effective April 1, 2024, USCIS is implementing a new I-765 filing fee.  

Where should I mail the application?  

When applying by mail only, send all documents by certified mail with a return receipt, so that you have a tracking number and proof that USCIS received your application. You can also use a courier service like FedEx or UPS.

Send all documents to the following address:

USCIS Chicago Lockbox

U.S. Postal Service (USPS)
Attn: I-765 C03
P.O. Box 805373
Chicago, IL 60680-5374

FedEx, UPS, and DHL deliveries:

USCIS
Attn: I-765 C03 (Box 805373)
131 South Dearborn - 3rd Floor
Chicago, IL 60603-5517

I-765/I-907 Premium Processing

If you are requesting premium processing services for Form I-765, you must also file Form I-907 (request for premium processing service). Consult the How Do I Request Premium Processing page to learn more about premium processing for F-1 students seeking OPT.

U.S. Postal Service (USPS):

USCIS
Attn: I-907
P.O. Box 805501
Chicago, IL 60680

FedEx, UPS, and DHL deliveries:

USCIS
Attn: I-907 (Box 805501)
131 South Dearborn, 3rd Floor
Chicago, IL 60603-5517

What is the USCIS deadline to receive my application? 

Make sure your OPT application reaches USCIS no more than 60 days after your graduation date and no more than 30 days after the date on which International Services created your 1-20 with the OPT recommendation. 

What if I miss the USCIS deadline for submitting my application? 

USCIS will deny your OPT application if you miss this deadline.  

8 Wait to get your EAD document. 

It can take up to three months for USCIS to process your OPT application and issue an OPT card. This card is also called an employment authorization document (EAD). Do not begin working until you receive your card. If you do, you could jeopardize your immigration status. Once your case is under way, USCIS will send you a notice of receipt (I-797) in the mail. Please read the notice carefully as it contains a lot of important information. When you have the receipt notice, you can begin to track your case status online. 

If it has been more than six weeks since your application reached USCIS and your case still has not been receipted, you can email the USCIS “lockbox” at lockboxsupport@uscis.dhs.gov.

Is it OK for me to travel before I get my EAD?

If you want to travel before graduation, you should be able to reenter the United States without the EAD card, as long as the date of your graduation is at least one month away.  Read more about travel while on OPT.

Can I travel while on F-1 OPT? 

Yes, you can travel while on OPT after graduation. Learn more about travel on OPT.

Next Up: OPT STEM Extension